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Spanish to English: histologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia General field: Medical
Source text - Spanish Clínicamente, se ha observado que el 90% las lesiones CIN1 regresan, por tanto, LAST las considerada lesiones de bajo grado (LSIL) y la actitud clínica debe ser conservadora; las lesiones CIN3 tienen tendencia a progresar a cáncer invasor, por tanto LAST las considera lesiones de alto grado (HSIL) y la actitud clínica debe ser intervenir. Pero, ¿qué sucede con las lesiones CIN 2?. Se ha visto que hasta un 64% de ellas van a regresar, y que la concordancia diagnóstica entre patólogos en su diagnóstico es baja. Aun así, LAST propone clasificarlas como lesiones de alto grado y tratarlas y que en caso de duda se use para ayudar en el diagnóstico una proteína, la p16, una proteína inhibidora 2A de quinasa dependiente de ciclina, una proteína supresora de tumores. En células normales una sobreexpresión de p16 significa inhibición del ciclo celular. El oncogén E7 de los VPH de alto riesgo – según la clasificación propuesta por Cuzick – cuando se integra en el genoma de las células del epitelio escamoso del cérvix, inhibe p16, haciendo que la célula prolifere sin control. Esta sobreexpresión de p16 puede detectarse mediante técnicas de inmunohistoquímica. En consecuencia, una sobreexpresión de p16 en una muestra histológica de cérvix indica integración viral.
Translation - English As it has been clinically observed that 90% of CNI1 lesions recur, LAST describes these lesions as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and recommends conservative management; CIN3 lesions tend to progress to invasive cancer, so LAST describes them as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and recommends treatment. But what happens to CIN2 lesions? It has been observed that 64% will recur and that diagnostic agreement is low among pathologists, but even so LAST classifies CIN2 as high-grade and recommends treatment. For equivocal cases, tumor suppressor protein p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A protein, should be used as an adjunct to a diagnosis. In normal cells overexpression of p16 protein results in cell cycle arrest. When high-risk HPV E7 oncogene, according to Cuzick’s classification, is integrated in the genome of cervical squamous epithelial cells, it inhibits p16 and triggers an uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Overexpression of p16 can be detected by immunohistochemistry and thus overexpression of p16 in a cervical histological specimen indicates viral integration.
English to Spanish: The Evolution of the Appendectomy: From Open to Laparoscopic to Single Incision General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - English The Evolution of the Appendectomy: From Open to Laparoscopic to Single Incision
[...]
Anti-kinase therapies
Tyrosine kinases are important in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis of tumor cells, and involve activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; which is responsible for the malignant transformation of pancreatic cells), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; which stimulates cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance), and protein kinase B [Akt; the overexpression of which promotes invasion and expression of insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R).
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and pancreas are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms with unique tumour biology, natural history and clinical management issues. Most NETs are sporadic, but they can be part of familial cancer syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), tuberous sclerosis (TS) or Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.
While poorly differentiated tumours may exhibit highly aggressive behaviour, well- differentiated, low-grade or intermediate-grade NETs have a relatively indolent behaviour with slow progression. As a result of this insidious biological behaviour, many patients with well-differentiated, low-grade or intermediate- grade NETs have advanced disease at diagnosis, with regional or distant metastasis observed in more than 50% of patients. Surgery is the only curative treatment option in patients with localised early stage NETs.
Translation - Spanish La transición de la apendicectomía abierta hasta la incisión única, pasando por la laparoscopia
[...]
Tratamientos contra la cinasa
Las tirosina cinasas desempeñan una función importante en la proliferación de las células tumorales, así como en su migración, invasión y resistencia a la apoptosis. Además, participan en la activación de la proteincinasa activada por mitógenos (MAPK), responsable de la transformación de células pancreáticas en neoplásicas; la fosfoinositido 3-cinasa (PI3K), que estimula la proliferación celular y su resistencia a la quimioterapia; y la proteína-cinasa B (Akt), la sobreexpresión que da lugar a la invasión y expresión del receptor del factor de crecimiento de tipo insulina (IGF-1R).
Los tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) pancreáticos y del tubo digestivo (TD) constituyen un grupo heterogéneo y muy infrecuente de neoplasias con una biología tumoral, una evolución natural y un manejo clínico únicos. La mayor parte de los TNE se producen de forma esporádica, aunque pueden formar parte de síndromes neoplásicos familiares, como la neoplasia endocrina múltiple de tipo 1 (MEN1), neurofibromatosis de tipo 1 (NF1), esclerosis tuberosa (ET) o la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL).
Los tumores mal diferenciados pueden mostrar una alta agresividad, mientras que los TNE bien diferenciados, de grado intermedio o bajo presentan una malignidad relativamente escasa con progresión lenta. Como resultado de este comportamiento biológico insidioso, en el momento del diagnóstico múltiples pacientes con TNE bien diferenciados, de grado intermedio o bajo presentan una enfermedad avanzada. En más del 50% de los pacientes se observó una metástasis en puntos distantes o regionales. En el caso de pacientes con un estadio temprano de TNE localizado, la única opción de tratamiento curativo es la cirugía.
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Master's degree - Universitat Pompey Fabra
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Years of experience: 7. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2021. Became a member: Jun 2022.
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Here is a little info about me personally:
I discovered my passion for Medicine right at the end of my Translation studies and decided to dig a bit deeper. I was so keen on medical interpreting that I pursued certifications both in the UK and in the US. I am proud to be a CMI-Spanish Interpreter and a DPSI-Health Interpreter with the CIOL in London.
Born on a small island in the Mediterranean to a trilingual family, I grew up speaking Spanish, English and Catalan. French was very soon to follow. I guess close contact with several languages from a very young age shaped who I am today and my interests.
When not translating, I am a passionate aviator. Holding a commercial pilot license and knowing how to fly allows me to indulge different countries and cultures.
Getting up and flying to reach the stars, literally, every day.
And here are my academic records:
MA in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Translation
idEC-Pompeu Fabra University Sept 2014 - June 2015
Clinical trials, Pharmacology, Pharmaeconomics Terminology and Scientific Writing Medical Science
BA in Translation and Interpreting (ES, EN, DE, FR)
Pompeu Fabra University Sept 2010 -June 2014
Editing and Proofreading Specialisation in Scientific and Technical Translation
Member since Jun '22
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