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Sample translations submitted: 2
English to Zulu: Analysis of SA economy
Source text - English • The end of the commodity boom in 2011, which powered relatively rapid mining-based growth from 2002 to 2012.
• The impact of high electricity prices in that context, after a long history of low-cost, coal-fuelled electricity that encouraged energy-intensive refineries that are now no longer viable in many cases.
• The slowdown in public spending and investment, as the government battled to reduce the deficit after the stimulus package implemented from 2009 in response to the global financial crisis. The deficit peaked at 5.3% of the GDP in 2013; it fell gradually to just under 4% in 2016/7; but in 2017/8 it climbed to 4.5% again, largely due to a drop in VAT revenue.
• The effects of the visible weakening in government institutions, which undermined a key attraction of South Africa for both domestic and foreign investors. Allegations of corruption in key government institutions continue to impact negatively on investor confidence and perception.
• A decline in demand caused by mostly stagnant household incomes, the high costs of living and low wage growth. The share of wages in the national income declined from 55% in 1994 to 52% in 2012.
As shown by figure 7.13 South Africa has experienced persistent de-industrialisation with the manufacturing proportion of GDP declining from 22% in 1980 to 13% by 2016.
Between 1980 and 2016, the share of mining contribution to GDP declined from 21% to 8%. Credit ratings downgrade in 2016 and policy uncertainty have impacted negatively on the mining output in recent years. Nonetheless, South Africa continued its overreliance on mining as shown by the fact that between 1994 and 2018 mining accounted for half of the country’s exports.
Similarly, agriculture’s contribution to the nation’s growth also reduced, from 6% in 1980 to 2% in 2016. In general there have been reductions in tariffs and reduction of subsidies to the agriculture sector. Land reform policies have been implemented in isolation of agrarian reform with little or no coordinated support to small and largely black farmers, who require basics such as seeds, fertilizer, water rights and implements as well basic financial and business management skills.
In contrast, the financial services and the government sector’s contribution to GDP increased significantly from 11% to 20% and 10% to 17% from 1980 to 2016, respectively.
Meanwhile the wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation has been on the growth trajectory from 1994 to 2017. The expansion in the sector was primarily driven by cabinet approval of the Tourism Transformation Strategy in 2001, the launch of the African Union in Durban in 2002, and government funding of the Tourism Enterprise Programme in 2004 amongst others.
In recent years, tourism has emerged as one of the fastest-growing service sectors in the global economy. Since the country’s political transition to democracy, there has been a dramatic growth in international tourism arrivals moving from less than a million visits in the early late 1980s to 2million in 1991 and 13.5 million in 2012203. In 2018, there were 10.472 million international visitors over 74% were from the rest of the African continent. This indicates a -1.6% deccline of overseas travellers and a 3.1% increase in tourists from the rest of the continent during the year 2017.
One of the major challenges in the South African economy, is the introduction of new policies before full implementation of existing ones
Source text - English • The end of the commodity boom in 2011, which powered relatively rapid mining-based growth from 2002 to 2012.
• The impact of high electricity prices in that context, after a long history of low-cost, coal-fuelled electricity that encouraged energy-intensive refineries that are now no longer viable in many cases.
• The slowdown in public spending and investment, as the government battled to reduce the deficit after the stimulus package implemented from 2009 in response to the global financial crisis. The deficit peaked at 5.3% of the GDP in 2013; it fell gradually to just under 4% in 2016/7; but in 2017/8 it climbed to 4.5% again, largely due to a drop in VAT revenue.
• The effects of the visible weakening in government institutions, which undermined a key attraction of South Africa for both domestic and foreign investors. Allegations of corruption in key government institutions continue to impact negatively on investor confidence and perception.
• A decline in demand caused by mostly stagnant household incomes, the high costs of living and low wage growth. The share of wages in the national income declined from 55% in 1994 to 52% in 2012.
• As shown by figure 7.13 South Africa has experienced persistent de-industrialisation with the manufacturing proportion of GDP declining from 22% in 1980 to 13% by 2016.
• Between 1980 and 2016, the share of mining contribution to GDP declined from 21% to 8%. Credit ratings downgrade in 2016 and policy uncertainty have impacted negatively on the mining output in recent years. Nonetheless, South Africa continued its overreliance on mining as shown by the fact that between 1994 and 2018 mining accounted for half of the country’s exports.
• Similarly, agriculture’s contribution to the nation’s growth also reduced, from 6% in 1980 to 2% in 2016. In general there have been reductions in tariffs and reduction of subsidies to the agriculture sector. Land reform policies have been implemented in isolation of agrarian reform with little or no coordinated support to small and largely black farmers, who require basics such as seeds, fertilizer, water rights and implements as well basic financial and business management skills.
In contrast, the financial services and the government sector’s contribution to GDP increased significantly from 11% to 20% and 10% to 17% from 1980 to 2016, respectively.
• Meanwhile the wholesale and retail trade, catering and accommodation has been on the growth trajectory from 1994 to 2017. The expansion in the sector was primarily driven by cabinet approval of the Tourism Transformation Strategy in 2001, the launch of the African Union in Durban in 2002, and government funding of the Tourism Enterprise Programme in 2004 amongst others.
• In recent years, tourism has emerged as one of the fastest-growing service sectors in the global economy. Since the country’s political transition to democracy, there has been a dramatic growth in international tourism arrivals moving from less than a million visits in the early late 1980s to 2million in 1991 and 13.5 million in 2012203. In 2018, there were 10.472 million international visitors over 74% were from the rest of the African continent. This indicates a -1.6% deccline of overseas travellers and a 3.1% increase in tourists from the rest of the continent during the year 2017.
• One of the major challenges in the South African economy, is the introduction of new policies before full implementation of existing ones
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