Glossary entry (derived from question below)
Aug 26, 2021 20:11
2 yrs ago
38 viewers *
Spanish term
SEMBRAR
Spanish to English
Medical
Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
SEMBRAR cepas de bacterias en agar tripticasa de soya
En un artículo sobre la eficacia de ciertos desinfectantes en las superficies de un hospital, se habla de "sembrar" cepas obtenidas de las superficies seleccionadas en agar tripticasa de soya como parte de la evaluación del desinfectante. Esta investigación es de Perú. Este es el fragmento completo:
"Las cepas obtenidas a partir de las superficies seleccionadas fueron sembradas en agar tripticasa de soya e incubadas a 37 ºC, previa dilución con agua peptonada.
¿Cómo se podría traducir el término SEMBRAR?
Gracias.
"Las cepas obtenidas a partir de las superficies seleccionadas fueron sembradas en agar tripticasa de soya e incubadas a 37 ºC, previa dilución con agua peptonada.
¿Cómo se podría traducir el término SEMBRAR?
Gracias.
Proposed translations
(English)
| 4 +1 | seed |
Muriel Vasconcellos
|
| 4 +1 | inoculate |
Robert Carter
|
Proposed translations
+1
2 hrs
Muriel Vasconcellos
United States
United States
Native in English
Works in field
United States
Each translation a gem!
Native in: English (Variant: US) 
Works in: Spanish to English, Portuguese to English
Related KudoZ points
:
43
Selected
seed
This is a common term in the context. Not sure if there is a difference in technique between seeding (spreading evenly) and inoculation, but I think it's better to stick with the translation that's closest to the Spanish.
**Cell seeding is to spread cells to a culture vessel for cell culture activities**. ... When the adherent cells come into contact with the attachment factor of the culture vessel surface, they check the molecules, begin to adhere, and start to spread out on the surface.
cell seeding | Glossary | Cell x Image Lab - Nikon Healthcare
Cell seeding protocol – Guide on how to seed cells correctly
https://handling-solutions.eppendorf.com › news › cell-...
Apr 13, 2021 — Why is cell seeding a critical step in all cell culture experiments? ... **Cell seeding is usually the first protocol step and a standard procedure** ...
What does "seeding" mean? - Tissue and Cell Culturehttp://www.protocol-online.org › posts
Jan 31, 2010 · 1 post
Seeding means to spread a defined amount (volume or cell number) of a cell suspension into a new flask or onto a plate etc.
How to seed cells evenly in small well plates - (Oct/20/2006 )
Oct 20, 2006
How to seed the cells evenly in 6 wells plate - Protocol Online
Feb 4, 2009
How many cells to seed? - Tissue and Cell Culture - Protocol ...
Apr 8, 2010
Cell count and seed, plz help... - Protocol Online
Mar 13, 2013
More results from www.protocol-online.org
**Seeding protocol (Tissue Culture)** - iGEM 2017http://2017.igem.org › wiki › images › Seeding_p...PDF
Seeding protocol (Tissue Culture). Introduction. Plate the cells onto 24-well plate. Materials. › HEK resuspended in 10mL of media. › Complete media.
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Note added at 2 hrs (2021-08-26 23:10:56 GMT)
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This link suggests that there is a slight difference between the seeding and inoculating.
Seed Culture - an overview | ScienceDirect Topicshttps://www.sciencedirect.com › topics › engineering › se...
Once a properly formulated and sterilized medium **has been inoculated with a seed culture or inoculum**, the cells grow and multiply. In a batch culture, ...
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Note added at 3 hrs (2021-08-26 23:19:26 GMT)
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Here's another example that supports the distinction:
Considerations for cell passaging in cell culture seed trainshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC4685342
by TH Rodríguez · 2015 — **The purpose of a seed train is the generation of an adequate number of cells for the inoculation of a production bioreactor**. This is time- and ...
**Cell seeding is to spread cells to a culture vessel for cell culture activities**. ... When the adherent cells come into contact with the attachment factor of the culture vessel surface, they check the molecules, begin to adhere, and start to spread out on the surface.
cell seeding | Glossary | Cell x Image Lab - Nikon Healthcare
Cell seeding protocol – Guide on how to seed cells correctly
https://handling-solutions.eppendorf.com › news › cell-...
Apr 13, 2021 — Why is cell seeding a critical step in all cell culture experiments? ... **Cell seeding is usually the first protocol step and a standard procedure** ...
What does "seeding" mean? - Tissue and Cell Culturehttp://www.protocol-online.org › posts
Jan 31, 2010 · 1 post
Seeding means to spread a defined amount (volume or cell number) of a cell suspension into a new flask or onto a plate etc.
How to seed cells evenly in small well plates - (Oct/20/2006 )
Oct 20, 2006
How to seed the cells evenly in 6 wells plate - Protocol Online
Feb 4, 2009
How many cells to seed? - Tissue and Cell Culture - Protocol ...
Apr 8, 2010
Cell count and seed, plz help... - Protocol Online
Mar 13, 2013
More results from www.protocol-online.org
**Seeding protocol (Tissue Culture)** - iGEM 2017http://2017.igem.org › wiki › images › Seeding_p...PDF
Seeding protocol (Tissue Culture). Introduction. Plate the cells onto 24-well plate. Materials. › HEK resuspended in 10mL of media. › Complete media.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2021-08-26 23:10:56 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
This link suggests that there is a slight difference between the seeding and inoculating.
Seed Culture - an overview | ScienceDirect Topicshttps://www.sciencedirect.com › topics › engineering › se...
Once a properly formulated and sterilized medium **has been inoculated with a seed culture or inoculum**, the cells grow and multiply. In a batch culture, ...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 hrs (2021-08-26 23:19:26 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Here's another example that supports the distinction:
Considerations for cell passaging in cell culture seed trainshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC4685342
by TH Rodríguez · 2015 — **The purpose of a seed train is the generation of an adequate number of cells for the inoculation of a production bioreactor**. This is time- and ...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Gracias"
+1
1 hr
Robert Carter
Mexico
Mexico
Native in English
Mexico
Translating full-time since 1998
Native in: English (Variant: British)
Works in: Spanish to English
inoculate
"inoculate
...
1.2Introduce (cells or organisms) into a culture medium.
‘0.5 ml of the specimen was inoculated into each tissue culture flask’"
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/inoculate
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Note added at 1 day 8 hrs (2021-08-28 04:50:55 GMT)
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As an alternative, the verb "to plate" is also used in the sense of "sembrar" with respect to cultures. Interestingly, here, in this Panace@ glossary by Saladrigas and Calvo, they appear to make a distinction between "sembrar" and "inocular", though I don't believe it's the one Muriel is alluding to in her answer.
"plate, to
1 [tr.] (o — in, on, onto, out on, out in, out) sembrar (células en placas de Petri).
■ The cells were plated at a low density and cultured for 6 days ˂las células se sembraron a baja densidad y se cultivaron durante 6 días˃.
2 [tr.] (— out in, out on) preparar, verter, esparcir, distribuir (medios agarizados o gelatinosos en cajas de Petri u otros soportes).
■ Silica gels were plated out in Petri dishes containing the same amount of soil suspension as inoculant ˂se prepararon geles de sílice en cajas de Petri que contenían la misma cantidad de suspensión de tierra como inóculo˃.
3 [tr.] (— on, in, onto, out on, out) inocular (en células, dentro de placas de Petri).
■ The resulting phages were plated on an appropriate host ˂los bacteriófagos producidos se inocularon en un hospedador apropiado˃.
...
Notas: El verbo sembrar se utiliza aquí en su acepción biológica de «poner microorganismos, células o tejidos en un medio de cultivo adecuado para su multiplicación» (DRAE13)."
Glosario EN-ES de verbos de uso frecuente en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, fraseológico e ilustrado
María Verónica Saladrigas y Juan Carlos Calvo
Some Wikipedia references relating to cell cultures, in both languages:
"Liquid cultures are ideal for preparation of an antimicrobial assay in which the experimenter inoculates liquid broth with bacteria and lets it grow overnight (they may use a shaker for uniform growth). Then they would take aliquots of the sample to test for the antimicrobial activity of a specific drug or protein (antimicrobial peptides)."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culture
"Un microorganismo se puede sembrar en un medio líquido o en la superficie de un medio sólido de agar. Los medios de cultivo contienen distintos nutrientes que van, desde azúcares simples hasta sustancias complejas como la sangre o el extracto de caldo de carne. Para aislar o purificar una especie bacteriana a partir de una muestra formada por muchos tipos de bacterias, se siembra en un medio de cultivo sólido donde las células que se multiplican no cambian de localización; tras muchos ciclos reproductivos, cada bacteria individual genera por escisión binaria una colonia macroscópica compuesta por decenas de millones de células similares a la original. Si esta colonia individual se siembra a su vez en un nuevo medio crecerá como cultivo puro de un solo tipo de bacteria."
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivo_(microbiología)
The latter reference would seem to bury any idea that "siembra" refers to a specific preliminary "seeding" stage, albeit that it's just one data point.
My conclusion: "to plate" might be more of usual equivalent in English for "sembrar" here than "to inoculate", although I believe they both mean the same thing.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 8 hrs (2021-08-28 04:57:35 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Just found another reference to support my reading of "plate/inoculate" as synonymous:
"The agar and other ingredients are dissolved in warm water and poured into the dish and left to cool down. Once the medium solidifies, a sample of the organism is inoculated ("plated")."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_dish#Microbiology
...
1.2Introduce (cells or organisms) into a culture medium.
‘0.5 ml of the specimen was inoculated into each tissue culture flask’"
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/inoculate
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 8 hrs (2021-08-28 04:50:55 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
As an alternative, the verb "to plate" is also used in the sense of "sembrar" with respect to cultures. Interestingly, here, in this Panace@ glossary by Saladrigas and Calvo, they appear to make a distinction between "sembrar" and "inocular", though I don't believe it's the one Muriel is alluding to in her answer.
"plate, to
1 [tr.] (o — in, on, onto, out on, out in, out) sembrar (células en placas de Petri).
■ The cells were plated at a low density and cultured for 6 days ˂las células se sembraron a baja densidad y se cultivaron durante 6 días˃.
2 [tr.] (— out in, out on) preparar, verter, esparcir, distribuir (medios agarizados o gelatinosos en cajas de Petri u otros soportes).
■ Silica gels were plated out in Petri dishes containing the same amount of soil suspension as inoculant ˂se prepararon geles de sílice en cajas de Petri que contenían la misma cantidad de suspensión de tierra como inóculo˃.
3 [tr.] (— on, in, onto, out on, out) inocular (en células, dentro de placas de Petri).
■ The resulting phages were plated on an appropriate host ˂los bacteriófagos producidos se inocularon en un hospedador apropiado˃.
...
Notas: El verbo sembrar se utiliza aquí en su acepción biológica de «poner microorganismos, células o tejidos en un medio de cultivo adecuado para su multiplicación» (DRAE13)."
Glosario EN-ES de verbos de uso frecuente en Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, fraseológico e ilustrado
María Verónica Saladrigas y Juan Carlos Calvo
Some Wikipedia references relating to cell cultures, in both languages:
"Liquid cultures are ideal for preparation of an antimicrobial assay in which the experimenter inoculates liquid broth with bacteria and lets it grow overnight (they may use a shaker for uniform growth). Then they would take aliquots of the sample to test for the antimicrobial activity of a specific drug or protein (antimicrobial peptides)."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiological_culture
"Un microorganismo se puede sembrar en un medio líquido o en la superficie de un medio sólido de agar. Los medios de cultivo contienen distintos nutrientes que van, desde azúcares simples hasta sustancias complejas como la sangre o el extracto de caldo de carne. Para aislar o purificar una especie bacteriana a partir de una muestra formada por muchos tipos de bacterias, se siembra en un medio de cultivo sólido donde las células que se multiplican no cambian de localización; tras muchos ciclos reproductivos, cada bacteria individual genera por escisión binaria una colonia macroscópica compuesta por decenas de millones de células similares a la original. Si esta colonia individual se siembra a su vez en un nuevo medio crecerá como cultivo puro de un solo tipo de bacteria."
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivo_(microbiología)
The latter reference would seem to bury any idea that "siembra" refers to a specific preliminary "seeding" stage, albeit that it's just one data point.
My conclusion: "to plate" might be more of usual equivalent in English for "sembrar" here than "to inoculate", although I believe they both mean the same thing.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 8 hrs (2021-08-28 04:57:35 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Just found another reference to support my reading of "plate/inoculate" as synonymous:
"The agar and other ingredients are dissolved in warm water and poured into the dish and left to cool down. Once the medium solidifies, a sample of the organism is inoculated ("plated")."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_dish#Microbiology
Peer comment(s):
| agree |
José Patrício
: inoculate different bacterial strains - https://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish-to-english/nutrition/5121...
1 hr
|
|
Thank you, José.
|
|
| neutral |
Muriel Vasconcellos
: Hi Robert! I've found some contexts that reference the difference between seeding and the final inoculum. The seeding is done first to grow enough cells to form an inoculum. See two examples in my answer.
1 hr
|
|
Hi Muriel, thanks, but that's not necessarily the case in Spanish. I haven't seen any Spanish texts that would support this idea.
|
Reference comments
2 hrs
Reference:
https://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish-to-english/nutrition/5121...
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Note added at 2 horas (2021-08-26 22:24:41 GMT)
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A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism (e.g., a virus, bacterium or fungus) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(biology)#:~:text=A str...
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Note added at 2 horas (2021-08-26 22:24:41 GMT)
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A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism (e.g., a virus, bacterium or fungus) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(biology)#:~:text=A str...
1 day 3 hrs
Kristina Love
United States
United States
Native in English
Works in field
United States
B.A. in Spanish, A.A. in Audio
Native in: English (Variant: US)
Works in: Spanish to English, Spanish, English, and 1 more.
Reference:
Siembra
Sembrar o inocular es introducir artificialmente una porción de muestra (inóculo) en un
medio adecuado, con el fin de iniciar un cultivo microbiano, para su desarrollo y
multiplicación. Una vez sembrado, el medio de cultivo se incuba a una temperatura
adecuada para el crecimiento. https://www.frro.utn.edu.ar/repositorio/catedras/quimica/5_a...
Seed
4. to inoculate a culture medium with microorganisms.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/seeding
Inoculate
2. To implant microorganisms or infectious material into or upon culture media.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/inoculate
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Note added at 1 day 6 hrs (2021-08-28 02:59:59 GMT)
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https://dle.rae.es/sembrar
7. tr. Biol. Poner microorganismos, células o tejidos en un medio de cultivo adecuado para su multiplicación.
inocular (lat. inoculār(e)
3 v. Sembrar microbios, o un material que los contiene, en un medio de cultivo.
https://dtme.ranm.es/buscador.aspx?NIVEL_BUS=3&LEMA_BUS=inoc...
Sembrar o inocular es introducir artificialmente una porción de muestra (inóculo) en un
medio adecuado, con el fin de iniciar un cultivo microbiano, para su desarrollo y
multiplicación. Una vez sembrado, el medio de cultivo se incuba a una temperatura
adecuada para el crecimiento. https://www.frro.utn.edu.ar/repositorio/catedras/quimica/5_a...
Seed
4. to inoculate a culture medium with microorganisms.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/seeding
Inoculate
2. To implant microorganisms or infectious material into or upon culture media.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/inoculate
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 6 hrs (2021-08-28 02:59:59 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
https://dle.rae.es/sembrar
7. tr. Biol. Poner microorganismos, células o tejidos en un medio de cultivo adecuado para su multiplicación.
inocular (lat. inoculār(e)
3 v. Sembrar microbios, o un material que los contiene, en un medio de cultivo.
https://dtme.ranm.es/buscador.aspx?NIVEL_BUS=3&LEMA_BUS=inoc...
Reference:
https://www.frro.utn.edu.ar/repositorio/catedras/quimica/5_anio/biotecnologia/practicoIII.pdf
Discussion
Regarding the site, I'm seeing 10 entries here (11 with this one), if that helps.
Quick site functioning question: Is everyone else seeing more than 6 (now 7) discussion entries on this page? I'm wondering if I need to submit a support request. Sorry to go off-topic.
I have no doubt that Spanish-speaking scientists "know their field as well," Muriel, but you haven't shown us that they use "sembrar" with this meaning.
In fact, I've been going through some of my Panace@ glossaries (you can find them at tremedica.org), and I found an entry in the Saladrigas and Calvo biochemistry glossary. I'll post it as part of my entry, but the skinny is that "sembrar" means "to plate," according to these medical researchers (which I understand to be synonymous with "to inoculate").
I'm not trying to question anyone's expertise or years of experience, only drawing the only conclusion I can from the dictionary definitions in both Spanish and English being identical as well as scientific paper (in Spanish) explaining them as being synonymous. What I posted in my reference, which hopefully has already been read, is all I know. I'm sure there are senses and contexts where the terms are not synonymous - it's just my own opinion/interpretation that this is not one of those times. Good luck to both!
To elucidate, if Muriel is saying that "inoculate" is the general term here and "seed" is the specific one, I would say it's probably better to go with the general term as we don't know if, in the Spanish text here, by "sembrar" they are referring to that specific preliminary process she says is described by the term "seed" in English. The fact that "seed" and "sembrar" look like similar terms isn't really enough to go on alone.
Muriel, you mentioned that because 'the Spanish says "sembrar," it is referring to this specific process, not just inoculation in general,' but I haven't actually seen any evidence that "sembrar" has this meaning in Spanis.
are or at least can be synonymous (see reference posted). For this context I think they are synonymous, and either choice is perfectly fine. Although I think "spread" or "transfer" could also work (they do appear in science texts), I hid my "spread" answer because "seed" and "inoculate" are more scientific (and "spread" is also used to describe the culture growth, as well as the "spread plate technique"). But for my money, "inoculate" and "seed" are the same thing here, both good.
in·oc·u·late (ĭ-nŏkyə-lāt′)
3. To implant microorganisms or infectious material into (a culture medium).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/seed-cultur...
See a fuller quote in my answer below.
I found another example that explains the difference.